[Footnote 312: Baxter Springs was a government post, established on Spring River in the southwest corner of the Cherokee Neutral Lands, subsequent to the Battle of Pea Ridge [Kansas Historical Society, _Collections_, vol. vi, 150].]
[Footnote 313: Salomon to Weer, June 30, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 458.]
[Footnote 314: James A. Phillips to Judson, June 28, 1862 [_Official Records_, vol. xiii, 456].]
[Footnote 315: William A. Phillips, a Scotsman by birth, went out to Kansas in the autumn of 1855 as regular staff correspondent of the New York _Tribune_ [Kansas Historical Society _Collections_, vol. v, 100, 102]. He was a personal friend of Dana's [Britton, _Memoirs_, 89], became with Lane an active Free State man and later was appointed on Lane's staff [_Daily Conservative_, January 24, 31, 1862]. He served as correspondent of the _Daily Conservative_ at the time when that newspaper was most guilty of incendiarism.]
[Footnote 316: James A. Phillips to Judson, June 28, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 456.]
[Footnote 317: Weer to Moonlight, June 23, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 445, and same to same, July 2, 1862, Ibid., 459-461.]
[Footnote 318: Anderson, _Life of General Stand Watie_, 18.]
[Footnote 319: _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 28.]
[Footnote 320: The emphasis should be upon the word, _official_, since the government must assuredly have acquiesced in Hindman's appointment. Hindman declared that the Secretary of War, in communicating on the subject to the House of Representatives, "ignored facts which had been officially communicated to him," in order to convey the impression that Hindman had undertaken to fill the post of commander in the Trans-Mississippi Department without rightful authority [Hindman to Holmes, February 8, 1863, Ibid., vol. xxii, part 2, p. 785]. The following telegram shows that President Davis had been apprised of Hindman's selection, and of its tentative character.
BALDWIN, June 5, 1862.
(Received 6th.)
THE PRESIDENT:
Do not send any one just now to command the Trans-Mississippi District. It will bring trouble to this army. Hindman has been sent there temporarily. Price will be on to see you soon.
EARL VAN DORN, Major-General.
[Ibid., vol. lii, part 2, supplement, p. 320.]]
[Footnote 321: _Department_ seems to be the more proper word to use to designate Hindman's command, although _District_ and _Department_ are frequently used interchangeably in the records. In Hindman's time and in Holmes's, the Trans-Mississippi Department was not the same as the Trans-Mississippi District of Department No. 2 [See Thomas Jordan, Chief of Staff, to Hindman, July 17, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 855]. On the very date of Hindman's assignment, the boundaries of his command were defined as follows:
"The boundary of the Trans-Mississippi Department will embrace the States of Missouri and Arkansas, including Indian Territory, the State of Louisiana west of the Mississippi, and the State of Texas."--Ibid., 829.]
[Footnote 322: Yet Hindman did, in a sense, despise it and, from the start, he showed a tendency to disparage Pike's abilities and efforts. On the nineteenth of June, he reported to Adjutant-general Cooper, among other things, that he had ordered Pike to establish his headquarters at Fort Gibson and added, "His force does not amount to much, but there is no earthly need of its remaining 150 miles south of the Kansas line throwing up intrenchments." [_Official Records_, vol. xiii, 837].]
[Footnote 323: Hindman to Pike, May 31, 1862 [Ibid., 934].]
[Footnote 324: Pike to Hindman, June 8, 1862 [Ibid., 936-943].]
[Footnote 325:--Ibid., 398, 401.]
[Footnote 326: General Orders, Ibid., 839, 844-845.]
[Footnote 327: Of Clarkson, Pike had this to say: "He applied to me while raising his force for orders to go upon the Santa Fe' road and intercept trains. I wrote him that he could have such orders if he chose to come here, and the next I heard of him he wrote for ammunition, and, I learned, was going to make forays into Missouri. I had no ammunition for that business. He seized 70 kegs that I had engaged of Sparks in Fort Smith, and soon lost the whole and Watie's also. Without any notice to me he somehow got in command of the northern part of the Indian country over two colonels with commissions nine months older than his."--Pike to Hindman, July 15, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 858.]
[Footnote 328: _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 845-846.]
[Footnote 329: Rains had made Tahlequah the headquarters of the Eighth Division Missouri State Guards.--PIKE to Hindman, July 15, 1862, Ibid., 858.]
[Footnote 330:--Ibid., vol. xiii, 458, 460.]
[Footnote 331:--Ibid., 460.]
[Footnote 332: Anderson, _Life of General Stand Watie_, 18. This incident is most likely the one that is referred to in Carruth and Martin's letter to Coffin, August 2, 1862, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, _Report_, 1862, p. 162.]
[Footnote 333: Britton, _Civil War on the Border_, vol. i, 300-301.]
[Footnote 334: Report of General Hindman, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 40.]
[Footnote 335: Weer to Moonlight, July 6, 1862, Ibid., 137.]
[Footnote 336: Carruth and Martin reported to Coffin, August 2, 1862, that the Indians did practically all the fighting on the Federal side. In minor details, their account differed considerably from Weer's.
"When near Grand Saline, Colonel Weer detached parts of the 6th, 9th, and 10th Kansas regiments, and sent the 1st Indian regiment in advance. By a forced night march they came up to the camp of Colonel Clarkson, completely surprising him, capturing all his supplies, and taking one hundred prisoners; among them the colonel himself.
"The Creek Indians were first in the fight, led by Lieutenant Colonel Wattles and Major Ellithorpe. We do not hear that any white man fired a gun unless it was to kill the surgeon of the 1st Indian regiment. We were since informed that one white man was killed by the name of McClintock, of the 9th Kansas regiment. In reality, it was a victory gained by the 1st Indian regiment; and while the other forces would, no doubt, have acted well, it is the height of injustice to claim this victory for the whites...."--Commissioner of Indian Affairs, _Report_, 1862, p. 162.]
[Footnote 337: _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 138.]
[Footnote 338: Hindman's Report, Ibid., 40.]
[Footnote 339: Ritchie to Blunt, July 5, 1862, Ibid., 463-464.]
[Footnote 340: Weer to Moonlight, July 12, 1862, Ibid., 488.]
[Footnote 341: Blunt to Salomon, August 3, 1862, Ibid., 532; Britton, _Civil War on the Border_, vol. i, 304.]
[Footnote 342: Pretty good evidence of this appears in a letter, which Carruth and Martin jointly addressed to Coffin, September 4, 1862, in anticipation of the Second Indian Expedition, their idea being to guard against a repetition of some of the experiences of the first. "We wish to call your attention," wrote they, "to the necessity of our being allowed a wagon to haul our clothing, tents, etc. in the Southern expedition.
"In the last expedition we had much annoyance for the want of accommodations of our own. Unless we are always by at the moment of moving, our things are liable to be left behind, that room may be made for _army baggage_ which sometimes accumulates amazingly....
"The cold nights of autumn and winter will overtake us in the next expedition and we ought to go prepared for them. We must carry many things, as clothing, blankets, etc."--General Files, _Southern Superintendency_, 1859-1862.]
[Footnote 343: _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 460.]
[Footnote 344:--Ibid., 487.]
[Footnote 345: Weer, nevertheless, was not long in developing some very pronounced ideas on the subject of Indian relations. The earliest and best indication of that is to be found in his letter of July twelfth, in which he gave his opinion of the negroes, whom he found very insolent. He proposed that the Cherokee Nation should abolish slavery by vote.]
[Footnote 346: J.A. Phillips to Ross, June 26, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 450.]
[Footnote 347: Phillips to Judson, June 28, 1862, Ibid., 456. Orders, almost identically the same, were issued to Salomon. See Phillips to Salomon, June 27, 1862, Ibid., 452.]
[Footnote 348: Weer to Ross, July 7, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 464.]
[Footnote 349: That there had been outrages and reprisals, Carruth and Martin admitted but they claimed that they had been committed by white men and wrongfully charged against Indians [Commissioner of Indian Affairs, _Report_, 1862, 162-163].]
[Footnote 350: Weer to Moonlight, July 2, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 460.]
[Footnote 351:--Ibid., 452, 456, 461.]
[Footnote 352: _Daily Conservative_, December 27, 1861.]
[Footnote 353: Ross to Weer, July 8, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 486-487; Moore, _Rebellion Record_, vol. v, 549.]
[Footnote 354: Weer to Moonlight, July 12, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 487. The documents are to be found accompanying Weer's letter, Ibid., 489-505.]
[Footnote 355: Blunt to Stanton, July 21, 1862, Ibid., 486.]
[Footnote 356: Weer to Moonlight, July 12, 1862, Ibid., 487-488.]
[Footnote 357: Blunt to Weer, July 12, 1862, Ibid., 488-489.]
[Footnote 358: Weer to Moonlight, July 16, 1862, Ibid., 160-161.]
[Footnote 359: Campbell to Weer, July 14, 1862, Ibid., 161.]
[Footnote 360: Greeno to Weer, July 15, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 473; Carruth and Martin to Coffin, July 19, 1862, Commissioner of Indian Affairs, _Report_, 1862, 158-160.]
[Footnote 361: Greeno to Weer, July 17, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 161-162.]
[Footnote 362: _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 473.]
[Footnote 363: _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 460.]
[Footnote 364: Love, _Wisconsin in the War of Rebellion_, 580.]
[Footnote 365: Anderson, Life of General Stand Watìe, 19.]
[Footnote 366: Consider, for example, Blunt's orders of July 14 [_Official Records_, vol. xiii, 472].]
[Footnote 367: Blunt to Weer, July 3, 1862, Ibid., 461.]
[Footnote 368: Weer to Moonlight, July 2, 1862, Ibid.]
[Footnote 369: As such the Indian agents regarded it. See their communication on the subject, July 19, 1862, Ibid., 478.]
[Footnote 370: Ibid., 475-476.]
[Footnote 371: Ibid., 484-485.] [Footnote 372: Carruth and Martin to Blunt, July 19, 1862.]
[Footnote 373: Blocki, by order of Salomon, July 18, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 477.]
[Footnote 374: Carruth and Martin to Coffin, August 2, 1862.]
[Footnote 375: Furnas to Blunt, July 25, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 512.]
[Footnote 376:--Ibid., 512.]
[Footnote 377: Britton, _Civil War on the border_, vol. i, 309.]
[Footnote 378: _Official Records_, vol. xii, 512; Commissioner of Indian Affairs, Report, 1862, 163.]
[Footnote 379: Commissioner of Indian Affairs, _Report_, 1862, 163-164.]
[Footnote 380: Carruth and Martin to Coffin, July 25, 1862, Ibid., 160.] [Footnote 381: Weer to Moonlight, July 12, 1862.]
[Footnote 382: Furnas to Blunt, July 25, 1862.]
[Footnote 383: Commissioner of Indian Affairs, _Report_, 1862, 160-161.]
[Footnote 384: Named in honor of Nathaniel Pryor of the Lewis and Clark expedition and of general frontier fame, and, therefore, incorrectly called Prior Creek in Furnas's report.]
[Footnote 385: For accounts of the movements of the Indian Expedition after the occurrence of Salomon's retrograde movement, see the _Daily Conservative_, August 16, 21, 26, 1862.]
[Footnote 386: On the subject of grazing, see Britton, _Civil War on the Border_, vol. i, 308.]
[Footnote 387: Salomon to Blunt, July 29, 1862, _Official Records_, vol. xiii, 521.]
[Footnote 388: H.S. Lane called Stanton's attention to the matter, however, Ibid., 485.]
[Footnote 389: Blunt to Salomon, August 3, 1862, Ibid., 531-532.]
[Footnote 390: He acquiesced as, perforce, he had to do but he was very far from approving.]
[Footnote 391: In November, Dole reported to Smith that Salomon's retrograde movement had caused about fifteen hundred or two thousand additional refugees to flee into Kansas. Dole urged that the Indian Expedition should be reenforced and strengthened [Indian Office _Report Book_, no. 12, 503-504].]